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Mesopotamia - перевод на испанский
![Hatti]] upstream.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia c. 1450 BC.png?width=200 "Hatti]] upstream.")
![7th-century BC relief depicting [[Ashurbanipal]] ({{reign}}669–631 BC) and three royal attendants in a [[chariot]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ashurbanipal in a chariot, wall relief, 7th century BC, from Nineveh, the British Museum.jpg?width=200 "7th-century BC relief depicting [[Ashurbanipal]] ({{reign}}669–631 BC) and three royal attendants in a [[chariot]].")
![''The Babylonian marriage market'' by the 19th-century painter [[Edwin Long]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Babylonian marriage market.jpg?width=200 "''The Babylonian marriage market'' by the 19th-century painter [[Edwin Long]]")
![Campaign in the [[Mesopotamian Marshes]] of southern [[Babylonia]] during the reign of [[Ashurbanipal]]. Showing Assyrian soldiers on boat chasing enemies trying to run away; some are hiding in the reeds](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Campaign in southern Iraq of Ashurbanipal - fighting in the marshes.jpg?width=200 "Campaign in the [[Mesopotamian Marshes]] of southern [[Babylonia]] during the reign of [[Ashurbanipal]]. Showing Assyrian soldiers on boat chasing enemies trying to run away; some are hiding in the reeds")
![[[Clay tablet]], mathematical, geometric-algebraic, similar to the Euclidean geometry. From [[Shaduppum]] Iraq. 2003-1595 BC. [[Iraq Museum]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Clay tablet, mathematical, geometric-algebraic, similar to the Euclidean geometry. From Tell Harmal, Iraq. 2003-1595 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg?width=200 "[[Clay tablet]], mathematical, geometric-algebraic, similar to the Euclidean geometry. From [[Shaduppum]] Iraq. 2003-1595 BC. [[Iraq Museum]].")
![The Standard of Ur; 2600 BC (the Early Dynastic Period III); shell, red limestone and lapis lazuli on wood; height: 21.7 cm, length: 50.4 cm; discovered at the [[Royal Cemetery at Ur]] (Dhi Qar Governorate, [[Iraq]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis Bourez - British Museum, London (8747049029) (2).jpg?width=200 "The Standard of Ur; 2600 BC (the Early Dynastic Period III); shell, red limestone and lapis lazuli on wood; height: 21.7 cm, length: 50.4 cm; discovered at the [[Royal Cemetery at Ur]] (Dhi Qar Governorate, [[Iraq]])")
![After early starts in [[Jarmo]] (red dot, circa 7500 BC), the civilization of Mesopotamia in the 7th–5th millennium BC was centered around the [[Hassuna culture]] in the north, the [[Halaf culture]] in the northwest, the [[Samarra culture]] in central Mesopotamia and the [[Ubaid culture]] in the southeast, which later expanded to encompass the whole region.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jarmo to Ubaid 7000-4500.jpg?width=200 "After early starts in [[Jarmo]] (red dot, circa 7500 BC), the civilization of Mesopotamia in the 7th–5th millennium BC was centered around the [[Hassuna culture]] in the north, the [[Halaf culture]] in the northwest, the [[Samarra culture]] in central Mesopotamia and the [[Ubaid culture]] in the southeast, which later expanded to encompass the whole region.")
![The [[Burney Relief]], [[First Babylonian dynasty]], around 1800 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lilith Periodo de Isin Larsa y Babilonia.JPG?width=200 "The [[Burney Relief]], [[First Babylonian dynasty]], around 1800 BC")
![Medical recipe concerning poisoning. Terracotta tablet, from [[Nippur]], [[Iraq]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Medical recipe concerning poisoning. Terracotta tablet, from Nippur, Iraq, 18th century BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul.jpg?width=200 "Medical recipe concerning poisoning. Terracotta tablet, from [[Nippur]], [[Iraq]].")
![Mining areas of the ancient [[West Asia]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Metal production in Ancient Middle East.svg?width=200 "Mining areas of the ancient [[West Asia]].")
![Akkadian]], purportedly by [[Hammurabi]], sixth king of the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG?width=200 "Akkadian]], purportedly by [[Hammurabi]], sixth king of the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]].")
![One of 18 [[Statues of Gudea]], a ruler around 2090 BC](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Statue Gudea Met 59.2.jpg?width=200 "One of 18 [[Statues of Gudea]], a ruler around 2090 BC")
![epic poem]] from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tablet XI or the Flood Tablet of the Epic of Gilgamesh, currently housed in the British Museum in London.jpg?width=200 "epic poem]] from ancient Mesopotamia, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature.")
![lyre]] from the [[Royal Cemetery at Ur]]. C. 2500 BCE. [[Iraq Museum]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Queen's gold lyre from the Royal Cemetery at Ur. C. 2500 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg?width=200 "lyre]] from the [[Royal Cemetery at Ur]]. C. 2500 BCE. [[Iraq Museum]]")
![Marsh people]] of southern Mesopotamia for at least 5,000 years. A carved elevation of a typical mudhif, dating to around 3,300 BCE was discovered at [[Uruk]].<ref>Broadbent, G., "The Ecology of the Mudhif," in: Geoffrey Broadbent and C. A. Brebbia, ''Eco-architecture II: Harmonisation Between Architecture and Nature,'' WIT Press, 2008, pp 15-26</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/اهوار العراق ليلا.jpg?width=200 "Marsh people]] of southern Mesopotamia for at least 5,000 years. A carved elevation of a typical mudhif, dating to around 3,300 BCE was discovered at [[Uruk]].<ref>Broadbent, G., \"The Ecology of the Mudhif,\" in: Geoffrey Broadbent and C. A. Brebbia, ''Eco-architecture II: Harmonisation Between Architecture and Nature,'' WIT Press, 2008, pp 15-26</ref>")
![Striding lions from the Processional Street of [[Babylon]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Striding lions - Processional Way of Babylon - Pergamonmuseum - Berlin - Germany 2017.jpg?width=200 "Striding lions from the Processional Street of [[Babylon]].")
 (14741970056).jpg?width=200 "Assyrian ornaments and patterns, illustrated in a book from 1920")
![Detail of Nebuchadnezzar II's Building Inscription plaque of the Ishtar Gate, from [[Babylon]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Detail, Nebuchadnezzar II's Building Inscription plaque of the Ishtar Gate, from Babylon, Iraq. 6th century BCE. Pergamon Museum.jpg?width=200 "Detail of Nebuchadnezzar II's Building Inscription plaque of the Ishtar Gate, from [[Babylon]]")
![Artist's impression of a hall in an Assyrian palace from ''The Monuments of Nineveh'' by [[Austen Henry Layard]], 1853](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Artist’s impression of a hall in an Assyrian palace from The Monuments of Nineveh by Sir Austen Henry Layard, 1853.jpg?width=200 "Artist's impression of a hall in an Assyrian palace from ''The Monuments of Nineveh'' by [[Austen Henry Layard]], 1853")
![A [[Neo-Assyrian]] relief of Ashur as a [[feather robed archer]] holding a bow instead of a ring (9th-8th century BC)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ashur god.jpg?width=200 "A [[Neo-Assyrian]] relief of Ashur as a [[feather robed archer]] holding a bow instead of a ring (9th-8th century BC)")
![The [[Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III]]. The king, surrounded by his royal attendants and a high-ranking official, receives a tribute from Sua, king of Gilzanu (north-west Iran), who bows and prostrates before the king. From [[Nimrud]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The Assyrian king Shalmaneser III receives tribute from Sua, king of Gilzanu, The Black Obelisk..JPG?width=200 "The [[Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III]]. The king, surrounded by his royal attendants and a high-ranking official, receives a tribute from Sua, king of Gilzanu (north-west Iran), who bows and prostrates before the king. From [[Nimrud]]")
![Contemporary artwork depicting [[Babylon]] at the height of its stature.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/History of babylon.jpg?width=200 "Contemporary artwork depicting [[Babylon]] at the height of its stature.")
!["[[Winged genie]]", [[Nimrud]] c. 870 BC, with inscription running across his midriff.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Genien, Nimrud 870 v. Chr. Aegyptisches Museum, Muenchen-4.jpg?width=200 "\"[[Winged genie]]\", [[Nimrud]] c. 870 BC, with inscription running across his midriff.")
![Ishtar gate]] was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]. [[Pergamon Museum]], Berlin](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ishtar Gate.gif?width=200 "Ishtar gate]] was constructed in about 575 BCE by order of King [[Nebuchadnezzar II]]. [[Pergamon Museum]], Berlin")
![The walls of Babylon, in [[Babylon]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Street in Babylon.jpg?width=200 "The walls of Babylon, in [[Babylon]]")
![Ziggurat]] of Ur](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Zig front right side.JPG?width=200 "Ziggurat]] of Ur")
![Dur-kuriagalzu]] in 2010](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The ziggurat at Aqar Quf.jpg?width=200 "Dur-kuriagalzu]] in 2010")
![A suggested reconstruction of the appearance of a Sumerian [[ziggurat]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/SumerianZiggurat.jpg?width=200 "A suggested reconstruction of the appearance of a Sumerian [[ziggurat]]")
![The alleged [[Abraham]] house in [[Ur]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/20160105-Abraham house in Ur Iraq.jpg?width=200 "The alleged [[Abraham]] house in [[Ur]]")
Ex: The midnight film on the TV was the famous Hollywood saga "The harems of Hippopotamia".
![1916 map of the Fertile Crescent by [[James H. Breasted]], who popularised usage of the phrase.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fertile Crescent concept 1916.png?width=200 "1916 map of the Fertile Crescent by [[James H. Breasted]], who popularised usage of the phrase.")
![Area of the fertile crescent, circa 7500 BCE, with main sites of the [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic]] period. The area of [[Mesopotamia]] proper was not yet settled by humans. Includes [[Göbekli Tepe]], a site in modern-day [[Turkey]] that is dated circa 9000 BCE.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fertile crescent Neolithic B circa 7500 BC.jpg?width=200 "Area of the fertile crescent, circa 7500 BCE, with main sites of the [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic]] period. The area of [[Mesopotamia]] proper was not yet settled by humans. Includes [[Göbekli Tepe]], a site in modern-day [[Turkey]] that is dated circa 9000 BCE.")
![A 15th century copy of [[Ptolemy]]'s fourth Asian map, depicting the area known as the Fertile Crescent](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/NLI Quarta Asie tabula.jpg?width=200 "A 15th century copy of [[Ptolemy]]'s fourth Asian map, depicting the area known as the Fertile Crescent")
Определение
Википедия
Mesopotamia is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. Today, Mesopotamia occupies modern Iraq. In the broader sense, the historical region included present-day Iraq and parts of present-day Iran, Kuwait, Syria and Turkey.
The Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) originating from different areas in present-day Iraq, dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It fell to Alexander the Great in 332 BC, and after his death, it became part of the Greek Seleucid Empire. Later the Arameans dominated major parts of Mesopotamia (c. 900 BC – 270 AD).
Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution from around 10,000 BC. It has been identified as having "inspired some of the most important developments in human history, including the invention of the wheel, the planting of the first cereal crops, and the development of cursive script, mathematics, astronomy, and agriculture". It is recognised as the cradle of some of the world's earliest civilizations.
Around 150 BC, Mesopotamia was under the control of the Parthian Empire. It became a battleground between the Romans and Parthians, with western parts of the region coming under ephemeral Roman control. In 226 AD, the eastern regions of Mesopotamia fell to the Sassanid Persians. The division of the region between Roman (Byzantine from 395 AD) and Sassanid Empires lasted until the 7th century Muslim conquest of Persia of the Sasanian Empire and Muslim conquest of the Levant from Byzantines. A number of primarily neo-Assyrian and Christian native Mesopotamian states existed between the 1st century BC and 3rd century AD, including Adiabene, Osroene, and Hatra.
